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A Guide to Pokemon Gold and Silver

This guide is mostly for people who never played Gold or Silver back in the days, but there might be some bits of information that even seasoned veterans might find interesting.
With Gold/Silver being re-released for Virtual Console in September, it is time to recall some tips and tricks to make the most out of the games.
1: Should you play Gold or Silver?
There are suprisingly few differences between both games. The only thing worth noting are version exclusives.
Notice something? That's right, you can catch both Lugia and Ho-Oh in both games. The difference is that in Silver, you can catch Lugia at Lv.40 before the League and Ho-Oh at Lv .70 after the League and in Gold, you can catch Ho-Oh at Lv.40 before the League and Lugia at Lv.70 after the League. Also, Lugia will know its signature move Aeroblast in Silver only while Ho-Oh will know its signature move Sacred Fire in Gold only. However, if you decide to transfer your legendary to a 7th generation game, you can relearn these moves via move reminder.
Speaking of transferring Pokemon, remember that all Pokemon from Gen 2 will have their Hidden Ability after being transferred. You want that Hidden Ability Gligar to evolve it into Poison Heal Gliscor for your competitive Gen7 team later on? Then it is the Gold Version for you! Also Side Note, you can determine the nature your Pokemon will have after the transfer, it all comes down to the last 2 digits of that Pokemon's experience
Another minor difference is that each Pokemon has a different sprite in the 2 versions. No effect on gameplay, but if you care about this aesthetical aspect, you might check out the sprites of the Pokemon you care about at Bulbapedia.
2: Legendary Pokemon (and how to catch them)
Aside from the already mentioned mascot legendaries, you are also able to catch the 3 legendary beasts Raikou, Entei and Suicune. Since these 3 are roaming around Johto and trying to flee whenever you encounter them, a Pokemon with Mean Look is advisable. I recommend HaunteGengar, because it is available early in the game and also learns Hypnosis, which is just as useful because as soon as you locked the beasts into battle, they will try to roar you away. Jynx is another option as it learns Mean Look and Lovely Kiss, which has a higher accuracy than Hypnosis. But since Jynx is slow, you have to train it to ~ Lv.50 so it can outspeed the dogs. A third option is Parasect, which can't learn Mean Look but learns Spore, the only 100% accuracy sleep-inducing move.
False Swipers (to bring the opposing Pokemon down to 1 HP exactly) exist, but they are few and far between. You can choose between Scyther, Cubone and Farfetch'd. You could also breed Spearow and Paras with False Swipe, but that requires you to catch Scyther or Farfetch'd in the first place, so why go the extra mile? If you insist on having a False Swiper, I'd recommend Scyther as it is available early in the game and learns False Swipe already at Lv.18.
Due to a stupid bug, the status conditions of paralysis, burn and poison increase the catch rate by 0 as opposed to by 5, and since freeze is unreliable, your best bet is to put any Pokemon you want to catch to sleep. It could be that GF will fix this bug in the Virtual Console versions.
3: Interactable Pokemon
Be warned. Gold/Silver are not so kind to respawn interactable Pokemon like the Red Gyarados, they are truly once per game. Don't be a fool like me 15 years ago and kill Sudowoodo just because you think it looks stupid. Whenever you see an interactable Pokemon in the overworld, catch it.
An exception to this rule is Lapras. It appears once every Friday in Union Cave even if you defeat or catch it (so in theory, you can catch as many as you want). However, you need Surf to reach it (you get Surf after the 4th gym). If caught right after the 4th gym, Lapras joins you at a reasonable level and is a great addition to any in-game team still lacking a water type.
  • Interactable Pokemon in Johto: Lapras, Sudowoodo, Red Gyarados
  • Interactable Pokemon in Kanto: Snorlax
4: Gift Pokemon
Over the course of the game, you will receive certain gift Pokemon:
  • Spearow (KENYA, from guard in Goldenrod City), Eevee (from Bill in Goldenrod City), Togepi (story), Shuckle(story but optional, available in Cianwood City after your rival steals Kirk's Sneasel), Tyrogue (Mt.Mortar)
While most of these are worth picking up (because they are hard or not at all to be found in the wild), most of them are either underleveled or just too weak to become a valuable team member. There is one exception though: Meet KENYA.
KENYA (Spearow) is received from the guard in the southern gate of route 35 (north from Goldenrod City) and holds a mail. You are supposed to deliver KENYA and the mail to the guard's friend on route 31. My advice: Don't do it! Instead, put the mail in your pc, give it to one of your Pokemon you don't need anymore and deliver that Pokemon instead to receive TM50 (Nightmare). KENYA joins you at a reasonable level and its OT is "Randy". This means it counts as trade Pokemon and gains increased experience per battle. Combine that with the fact that normal/flying type Pokemon were a big deal in the first gens and you get a bird that serves you well until late game.
Kirk gives you his Shuckle as he is afraid your rival might steal it just like his Sneasel. He will later ask for Shuckle back. If the player agrees, he will let him/her keep it if it has high friendship; otherwise he will take it back. Before taking it back, he will ask the player to take the Berry Juice held by Shuckie. However, he will accuse the player of stealing if Shuckie is not returned (remember, when was the last time a Pokemon game allowed you to be the bad guy?). The important part though is that Shuckle can convert any berry it holds to Berry Juice after a certain period of time. A myth says that the Berry Juice will be converted to a Rare Candy after an even longer period of time, however, this myth seems to be busted.
Pro tip: If you are going to get Tyrogue in Mt. Mortar, leave 1 free space in your Pokemon team. Also you need Surf and Waterfall and preferably Flash to reach it.
5: In-game trades
  • In-game trades in Johto: Onix, Machop, Voltorb, Rhydon,
  • In-game trades in Kanto: Rapidash, Aerodactyl
In-game trades are always a nice thing thanks to the increased experience traded Pokemon receive after a battle. Still, not all of the available trades are a good deal. I can recommend Onix and Machop since the trade material is easy to acquire (Bellsprout, Drowzee) and both Pokemon help you immediately (Onix is good against Falkner's flying types while Machop works wonders against Whitney's Miltank). Aerodactyl's trainer requires a Chansey as trade material and Chansey can only be found at Route 13, 14 and 15 at a 1% encounter rate. Unfortunately, it's the only way to get Aerodactyl in the game, so the choice is up to you.
Voltorb and Rapidash are not really worth it since you can catch Voltorb in the Rocket Headquarters.,Rapidash can be caught at the end of the game at Mt. Silver and Ponyta are all over the place in Kanto. Rhydon is a total rip-off as the trader demands a female Dragonair for it. You'd need the super rod to get a Dragonair, but the super rod is only available in mid Kanto, so you would have to use the good rod to catch a Dratini, train it to Lv.30 and evolve it. Rhydon might be rare, but it's not that valuable (unless it's your favorite and you just need to have it on your team before the E4).
6: Evolution items
First of all, most of the evolution items are only given to you once per game. You might still get additional ones from wild Pokemon who hold these items, but it's a tedious grind. Use them wisely.
  • Sun Stone (Gloom -> Bellossom, Sunkern -> Sunflora): 1st Prize of Bug catching contest
  • King's Rock (Poliwhirl -> trade -> Politoed, Slowpoke -> trade -> Slowking): found at Slowpoke Well (1x), held by wild Slowpoke and Poliwhirl (8%)
  • Metal Coat (Onix -> trade -> Steelix, Scyther -> trade -> Scizor): found on S.S. Aqua (1x), held by wild Magnemite (8%)
  • Dragon Scale (Seadra -> trade -> Kingdra): found at Mt. Mortar (1x), Held by wild Horsea, wild Seadra, wild Dratini, and wild Dragonair (8%)
  • Up-Grade (Porygon -> Trade -> Porygon2): found at Silph Co.
  • Moon Stone (Nidorino -> Nidoking, Nidorina -> Nidoqueen, Clefairy -> Clefable, Jigglypuff -> Wigglytuff): Tohjo Falls (1x, requires Surf but not waterfall), 5th purchase of mom if you allow her to save your money, Mt. Moon Square (Mondays, requires Rock Smash)
  • Fire Stone (Vulpix -> Ninetales, Growlithe -> Arcanine, Eevee -> Flareon): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Vulpix in Silver or Growlithe in Gold
  • Thunder Stone (Pikachu -> Raichu, Eevee -> Jolteon): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Pichu)
  • Water Stone (Poliwhirl -> Poliwrath, Shellder -> Cloyster, Staryu -> Starmie, Eevee -> Vaporeon): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Staryu)
  • Leaf Stone (Gloom -> Vileplume, Weepinbell -> Victribel, Exeggcute -> Exeggutor): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Oddish)
7: TMs
I won't say much about it, but remember that in Gen2, TMs are one time use only, so choose wisely who should receive that Earthquake.
It is also worth noting that the Goldenrod Department store sells the elemental punch TMs. These punches provide good type coverage for many Pokemon (e.g. Thunderpunch for Typhlosion or Ice Punch for Feraligatr).
8: HMs
The HMs in this game are: Flash, Cut, Surf, Strength, Fly, Whirlpool, Waterfall.
I strongly advise against teaching a permanent team member Flash, Waterfall and Whirlpool (not even your HM slave), because you very rarely need any of these HMs. It is smarter to teach those HMs to a Pokemon you normally don't use and take it into your team when needed:
  • Whirlpool is required in the Whirl Islands, the Dragon's Den and Route 26 to get SolarBeam
  • Waterfall is required in Tohjo Falls, Mt. Mortar, and Mt. Silver (I think the Whirl Islands have one but you can get to Lugia without Waterfall. Maybe...It's been a long time, ok?)
  • Flash is required in Dark Cave, Mt. Silver, and Rock Tunnel
Good temporary HM slaves who can learn Flash, Whirlpool and Waterfall all at once are Psyduck, Staryu and Lanturn.
Surf is often needed and a good water attack in general and always better than Waterfall because in Gen 2, all water attacks are special and Surf does more damage than Waterfall.
Fly and Strength are not the best attacks, but in-game wise, they are good enough to have them permanently on your team.
Cut is horrible, but taking a Pokemon out of the box whenever you encounter a tree is a pain. I'd say just teach it one of your Pokemon and pretend that Cut is as badass as it sounds.
9: Type-enhancing items
Each day of the week, you will find one of the week siblings at a certain place in Johto. They will give you an item that boosts attacks of a certain type by 10% when held. The locations are:
  • Monday: Route 40 - Sharp Beak (Flying+)
  • Tuesday: Route 29 - Pink Bow (Normal+)
  • Wednesday: Lake of Rage - Black Belt (Fighting+)
  • Thursday: Route 36 - Hard Stone (Rock+)
  • Friday: Route 32 - Poison Barb (Poison+)
  • Saturday: Blackthorn City - Spell Tag (Ghost+)
  • Sunday: Route 37 - Magnet (Electro+)
Other type enhancers are:
  • Black Glasses (Dark+) found in Dark Cave (Shady guy)
  • Charcoal (Fire+), found in Azalea Town (Charcoal Maker)
  • Dragon Fang (Dragon+), found in Dragon's Den (does not work)
  • Miracle Seed (Grass+), found on Route 32
  • Mystic Water (Water+), found in Cherrygrove City (needs Surf)
  • NeverMelt Ice (Ice+), found in Ice Path
  • Polkadot Bow (Normal+), held by Jigglypuff when traded from Gen I to Gen II
  • Silver Powder (Bug+), held by wild Butterfree (8%)
  • Soft Sand (Ground+), found on route 34 (Cooltrainer Kate, needs surf to reach)
  • Twisted Spoon (Psychic+), held by Kadabra traded from Pokemon Yellow
  • Metal Coat (Steel+), found on S.S. Aqua
Note: Due to a bug, Dragon Fang does not increase the strength of Dragon type moves. Instead, Dragon Scale does! Dragon Scale can be found at Mt. Mortar and its original purpose is to evolve Seadra to Kingdra via trade. It's possible that GF will fix this bug in the versions for Virtual Console
10: Other items you shouldn't miss
  • Amulet Coin (found in the Goldenrod Department Store basement): If a Pokémon that is holding Amulet Coin is sent into a Trainer battle, the money earned from the battle is doubled. Should be acquired as fast as possible and used as much as possible because making money was not as easy back then as it is in Sun&Moon.
  • Exp Share (Route 30, from Mr. Pokémon in exchange for Red Scale): When held by a Pokémon, allows it to earn half the EXP gained from defeating a Pokémon, regardless of whether it was used in battle or not. Comes pretty late because you only get the Red Scale after capturing/defeating Red Gyarados. Still good to train your weaker Pokemon.
  • Leftovers (found in the Celadon City Restaurant in a trash can): When this item is held, at the end of every turn, the holder regains 1/16th of their maximum HP. You just know you are playing a classic Pokemon game when you check the trash cans and actually find something.
  • Quick Claw (given at the National Park from the woman at Park entrance): Gives the holder a ~23% chance of going first in its priority bracket. I know it's luck based, but for in-game purposes, it's decent.
  • Smoke Ball (Goldenrod Tunnel): If this item is held by a Pokémon and you try to run away, you will be guaranteed to run. Good if you find yourself in a dungeon full of strong and fast Pokemon. Also, was I the only child who first thought this was some special Poke Ball?
11: Apricorn Balls
Apricorn Balls were introduced in Gen 2 and provide you with special bonuses when trying to catch Pokemon. You get them by giving Kurt in Azalea Town an Apricorn berry and it will take him 24 hours to turn it into a ball. Unfortunately, many of the Apricorn Balls had horrible bugs in the original games, rendering them useless. So unless GF fixes those bugs, be aware of the following:
  • The Love Ball (Pink Apricorn,found on Route 42) was supposed to have a catch rate of 8x when used on a Pokemon of the other gender, but it only gains a catch rate of 8× on Pokémon of the same gender and species as the player's Pokémon.
  • The Moon Ball (Yellow Apricorn, found on Route 42) was supposed to multiply the catch rate by 4 on Pokémon that evolve with Moon Stone but instead does this on Pokémon that evolve with Burn Heal. Consequently, Moon Ball does not have any additional effect and always acts like a Poké Ball.
  • The Fast Ball (White Apricorn, found in Azalea Town) was supposed to quadruple the catch rate against all wild Pokémon that can flee, but due to a bug, it only does this for Magnemite, Grimer, and Tangela.
  • The Level Ball (Red Apricorn, found on Route 37) works as intended: Catch rate is 1× if the player's Pokémon is the same level as or a lower level than the wild Pokémon, 2× if the player's Pokémon is at a higher level than the wild Pokémon but less than double it, 4× if the player's Pokémon is more than double but less than four times the level of the wild Pokémon, 8× if the player's Pokémon is of a level four times or more than that of the wild Pokémon
  • The Lure Ball (Blue Apricorn, found on Route 37) works as intended: The Catch Rate is 3x if used on a Pokémon encountered while fishing
  • The Friend Ball (Green Apricorn, found on Route 42) works as intended: Has a catch rate of only 1x but sets caught Pokémon's friendship to 200 immediately. (By the way, the only 2 Pokemon that make good targets for this ball are Chansey and Zubat/Golbat, as they are the only Pokemon evolving through achieving maximum friendship of 255 that can be caught in the wild).
  • The Heavy Ball (Black Apricorn, found on Route 37) works as intended: Catch rate of -20 if used on Pokémon weighing less than 225.8 lbs, no modifier if used on Pokémon weighing between 225.8 lbs and 451.5 lbs, +20 if used on Pokémon weighing between 451.5 lbs and 677.3 lbs, +30 if used on Pokémon weighing more than 677.3 lbs. It's a bit tricky to determine when a Heavy Ball makes more sense than an Ultra Ball, but according to this site, the only 2 Pokemon a Heavy Ball should be used on are Lugia and Snorlax.
For comparison, the catch rate for a standard Ultra Ball is 2x.
12: The Bug-Catching Contest
A competition held every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday in Johto's National Park. No entry fee. The goal is to catch the best Bug-type Pokemon. You have 20 Park Balls at your disposal and you can only use one Pokemon from your team to weaken your targets. The contest ends when all Park Balls are used, you black out, leave the park, or 20 minutes have passed. The score earned for your Bug-type Pokemon is the sum of the following:
  • 4 times the max HP of the Pokémon
  • The sum of the Pokémon's other stats
  • Up to 29 points based on the Pokémon's individual values:
  • 16 points if the Defense IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  • 8 points if the Attack IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  • 4 points if the Special IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  • 1 point if the Speed IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  • 1/8 of the current HP of the Pokémon, rounded down
  • 1 point if the Pokémon is holding an item, 0 otherwise
Since you can't influence the IVs, it is advisable to go for the Pokemon with the highest base stat. For this contest, this would be Scyther and Pinsir. Out of these 2, Scyther gains the upper hand because its HP stat is slightly higher than Pinsir's. Overall, the best Pokemon you could catch in this contest is a Lv.14 Scyther with full HP (try to put it asleep instead of attacking it).
Prizes are:
  • 1st: Sun Stone (Evolution item)
  • 2nd: Everstone (Evolution stopper)
  • 3rd: Gold Berry (If the holder's HP falls below 50%, it will consume its held Gold Berry and restore 30 HP)
  • Consolation Prize: Berry
13: Time Capsule
A quick statement about the time capsule. Yes, you can use it to trade between Gen 1 and Gen 2.
However, you cannot trade a new Pokemon from Gen 2 to Gen 1 for obvious reasons.
You also cannot trade a Pokemon from Gen 2 to Gen1 that either knows a move that didn't exist in Gen 1 or holds an item that didn't exist in Gen 1 (so you can't evolve a Scyther into Scizor by giving it Metal Coat, trading it to Gen 1 and then trading it back).
Eggs are not allowed either.
However, you can send a Pokemon from Gen 2 to Gen 1 that knows a move that exists in Gen 1 but could not be learned by said Pokemon in Gen 1.
Pokemon that are sent from Gen 1 to Gen 2 are guaranteed to hold an item. Which Pokemon holds which item can be seen here: https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/List_of_Pok%C3%A9mon_by_wild_held_item_(Generation_II)
This is the only way to get certain items in Gen 2, for example the Twisted Spoon, only held by Kadabra traded from Pokemon Yellow.
14: Mother's savings
You can allow your mother to save money for you. If you do so, 25% of the money you earn from each battle automatically goes to your mother. She will then proceed to buy certain stuff, be it healing items or decoration for your room. I recommend enabling this feature from the beginning because her 5th purchase is a Moon Stone, and these are rare, especially early in the game.
15: The Phone
The phone in your Pokegear can store up to 10 numbers. 2 of them are always taken by your mother and Prof. Elm. Some trainers will try to give you their number and sometimes call you to either inform you about a swarm or call you for a rematch. I find the former option to be much more useful. You gain nothing from rematches that you don't gain from battling the E4 over and over again. The E4 give you more money and their Pokemon have higher levels. Swarm Pokemon on the other hand are very rare outside of swarms, giving those NPCs at least some importance.
  • Hiker Anthony: Route 32 - Calls to tell you when Dunsparce is available
  • Fisher Ralph: Route 32 - Calls to tell you when Qwilfish is available
  • Bug Catcher Arnie: Route 35 - Calls to tell you when Yanma is available
  • Fisher Wilton: Route 44 - Calls to tell you when Remoraid is available
  • Schoolboy Chad: Route 38 - Calls to tell you when Snubbull is available
  • Lass Dana: Route 38 - Calls to tell you when Tauros is available
  • Hiker Parry: Route 45 - Calls to tell you when Marill is available
Another useful number is Bill's (Goldenrod City). He will call you whenever a PC Box is about to be filled. Back in the days, not changing your box was kind of a horrible situation. Nothing's worse than traveling all the way to Lugia and weaken it, only to hear that the goddamn box is full.
16: Headbutt
Not sure if it was just me, but I completely overlooked this mechanic 15 years ago. The concept is simple: Interact with a special kind of tree while having a Pokemon with the move Headbutt in your team, and with some luck, you will engage in a battle. This is the only way to encounter certain Pokemon (for example Pineco, or the popular Heracross). If done at a certain time of the day, there's a chance that the encountered Pokemon is asleep from the start of the battle, making catching it all the more easier.
17: Game Corner
After you get the Coin Case from the Goldenrod Underground, you can try your luck at the Goldenrod Game Corner (or just buy 50 or 500 coins for 1000P or 10,000P respectively). Here are the prizes:
TMs:
  • Fire Blast, Blizzard, Thunder for 5500 coins each. Strong, but inaccurate. I don't think this is necessary for the initial playthrough.
Pokemon:
  • Abra for 200 coins (cheap but you can catch it for free before you reach Goldenrod City)
  • Ekans for 700 coins in Gold (the only way to get Ekans in Gold)
  • Sandshrew for 700 coins in Silver (the only way to get Sandshrew in Silver)
  • Dratini for 2100 coins (I know you guys want to have a Dragonite in your team, but this one requires patience. Dratini comes at LV 10 so to not be underleveled, you have to get it right away when you arrive in Goldenrod. You also won't have enough money to buy coins, so you have to gamble. If I had to take a guess, I would say that the card flip game has better odds of winning than the slot machine, which is purely luck based. However, so far I haven't found any way to "rig" the system and to reliably win more than I lose. Anyway, even if you manage to get Dratini, its experience growth is abysmally slow, you most likely won't get your Dragonite before Lance and be stuck with the mediocre Dratini and Dragonair for the most part of your Johto journey. You have been warned.)
Prizes in the Celadon Game Corner:
TMs:
  • Double Team for 1500 coins (I wonder how you could lose your friends faster, using Double Team against them or shooting them with the blue shell in Mario Kart)
  • Psychic for 3500 coins (one of the best attacks, but don't forget you already get Psychic once from Mr.Psychic in Saffron City)
  • Hyper Beam for 7500 coins (Hyper Beam is not what it used to be in Gen1. Now the user has to recharge in any case, even if Hyper Beam defeated the opposing Pokemon. Usually Body Slam, Return or Double-Edge are better alternatives)
Pokemon:
  • Mr. Mime for 3333 Coins (Why would you do this when Mr. Mime can be caught at Route 21?)
  • Eevee for 6666 Coins (Why would you do this when you can just breed the Eevee you got from Bill in Goldenrod City?)
  • Porygon for 9999 Coins (Why would you do that? Well, because you have to, if you want a Porygon. It's the only way in the game to get one)
Regarding the gambling, I mentioned that I haven't found a way to win more coins than I lose in the long term, but other people apparently had more success. Here are 2 bits I found on the internet:
The player edge in the card-flip game if all bets are made on a single card is 34.55%, about 4% higher than in Roulette. It can be mathematically proven that there is no better system than placing all bets on a single card.
The card flip game is the one to play, because the odds are actually in your favor. This is because the deck is only shuffled after twelve flips of the 24-card deck, meaning your odds continue to improve right up until the twelfth card. Just make sure every bet you place only covers cards that have not turned up yet, and always play all twelve flips so you take advantage of the better odds. It may take a while, but in the long run you will win more than you lose.
Maybe some of you have more knowledge in gambling and can tell me which of these texts is right and whether there really is a way to be a winner in the game corner.
18: Badge Boosts
In Gen 1-3, acquired badges often gave you a stat boost. For Gen 2, the stat boosts are the following:
  • Zephyr Badge (1st Gym) boosts Attack
  • Plain Badge (3rd Gym) boosts Speed
  • Mineral Badge (6th Gym) boosts defense
  • Glacier Badge (7th Gym) boosts Special Attack and Special Defense
Stat or stats are increased by 12.5%, meaning the stats corresponding to those badges you do have will actually be 12.5% higher in battle than the stats you see on your Pokémon's summary screen. To be precise, the boosts don't really increase the stats but act as a stat modifier during battle. This boosts are applied in all internal battles, but not link battles. Furthermore, due to a bug, if the attack is a critical hit and the attacker's used offensive stat stage is less than or equal to the opponent's defensive stat stage, all Badge boosts are ignored.
There is a second type of badge boost: Type boosts.
In Generation II, every Badge boosts the power of the moves of a certain type by 12.5%. The type strengthened matches the type theme of the Gym (for example, Zephyr Badge boosts the Flying-type). These boosts work similarly to the way same-type attack bonus (STAB) boosts work, and are calculated in-between weather modifiers and STAB. Just like stat boosts, type boosts are not applied in link battles. Since there is no Dark-type gym in Gold and Silver, Dark-type moves are the only moves that don't benefit from this boost.
19: Effort Values (EVs)
The EV cap of 510 does not exist in Gen 2. It is possible to max out a Pokemon's EV for every stat. EVs are set to zero whenever a Pokemon is transferred to Gen VII or Pokebank. Instead of EV points, the game uses EV bytes. After each battle, the base stats of the defeated Pokemon are converted into bytes and added to each EV. Each stat's EV can have a maximum of 65535 EV bytes.
  • Example: Mew has a base stat of 100 for each stat. Defeating it would mean that each EV of your Pokemon would gain 100 EV bytes. Therefore, defeating 656 Mews would result in maximum EVs for each of your Pokemon's stats.
20. No Physical/Special-split
Starting with Gen IV, the game decided for each attack separately whether it is special or physical. This is not the case in Gen 2. Whether an attack is physical or special depends on the type of the attack.
  • Physical attacks (which use attacker's Attack stat and defender's Defense stat to calculate damage): Normal, Fighting, Flying, Ground, Rock, Bug, Ghost, Poison, Steel
  • Special attacks (which use the attacker's Special Attack stat and the defender's Special Defense stat to calculate damage): Water, Grass, Fire, Ice, Electric, Psychic, Dragon, Dark
Bonus
Ness_64 found a way to make encountering Chansey easier and to acquire Lucky Eggs:
For those with patience, here's something to help with level grinding after you get to Kanto. It's basically how to use the repel trick to get Lucky Eggs. You need:
  • The Thief TM. There are no pokémon who learn Thief naturally in Gen II, you need to use the TM. You get it at the Rocket Hideout.
  • A low-level compatible pokémon.
  • The Cut HM.
  • A few repels. Technically just 1 will do, but bring more just in case.
Once you get all of these, let's go:
1) Teach Thief to some low-level pokémon in your party and level it to 27-28, no more than that. It's strongly recommended to use it on a male pokémon.
2) Go to Kanto's Route 14 during the day (before 6PM).
3) Put the Thief pokémon as your lead.
4) Go to the tall grass on the north side of the route (you need Cut to get there) and use the repel.
5) Spin around in place with the D-Pad until you get an encounter. It may take some time, but it will happen. As long as you don't move, the repel will never wear off.
6) A wild Chansey appeared! Use Thief on her.
7) If she had a Lucky Egg, congratulations, defeat it and you'll keep it. Else, run away and repeat steps 5 and 6. Chansey carries a Lucky Egg 8% of the time, so this may take a while. I'm not sure if you keep the stolen item if you run away (I guess you do), but you definitely keep it if you defeat the Chansey. The problem is you might accidentally level up from defeating one (it doesn't help the Lucky Egg will boost her exp...).
You can repeat this as many times as you want, but just 1 will take some time. If your Thief pokémon overlevels to 29, you won't be able to find Chansey this way anymore. In that case, take it to the Move Deleter in Blackthorn City, delete everything but Thief (to ensure the move won't get replaced) and breed another one using it as the father.
You can also catch the Chansey and trade it for an Aerodactyl with a NPC on this route. This is the only way to get one in the games!
As I said earlier, you can also do this in Crystal, though there are a few differences. They added Hoppip to the mix and Chansey got a lot rarer due to that (around 9%). I also think it had to be somewhere else and with a slightly lower lead level, but it's been a while since I last played, so I may edit this later.
submitted by Tastypies to pokemon [link] [comments]

Betting Sites › Best Online Betting Sites in India (Feb 2020)

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Betway is one of the most well known destinations. Betway is offering a thorough and monstrous scope of sports and markets. Additionally, their advancements and prizes for existing client continue moving week to week. They don't stop here. Betway incorporates probably the most exciting gambling club games, and they offer top quality rewards and store strategies which suits you.
2-Guts
The guts site is reasonable for live wagering. Guts begin working in 2013, and it was at first planned towards gambling club and gaming. In any case, inside a year they propelled their online sportsbook for clients. Guts sportsbook was fundamentally about football. Yet, presently they are offering a lot of significant games like football, tennis and cricket. You can guarantee their welcome reward by experiencing the prize area, and you can likewise recover your cash a sportsbook reward.
3-Ladbrokes
Ladbrokes is one of the notable high road name from British wagering history. They began their tasks in 18 century and their organizer Harry Ogden is perceived at the UK's first expert bookmaker. They began their web based wagering in 2000. You can get extraordinary North America sports inclusion alongside everything from Aussies Rules to Chess, Golf, MMA, Volleyball and pretty much everything in the middle of, just as pony dashing.
4-Moplay
Moplay is an online bookmaker which is concentrating on the portable parts of betting. Moplay started working in 2018. Pre-organize markets were in abundance additionally in examining around at different games like football, tennis and cricket. They do offer moment money out on sure decisions.
5-Boylesports
Boylesports is one of the solid free bookmaker brand subsidized in 1989 in Ireland. They have a major web business just as web based wagering administration. The edge is to some degree higher on soccer, around 6% yet the rest of the sportsbook is trading with a great deal of lower betting edge, particularly tennis which is essentially roughly 3.1%.
6-Sportingbet
Sportingbet started working in 1998. They have presented their administrations across 26 nations around the world. Sportingbet is clear in working since they are offering straight forward wagering administration for their clients.
7-Fortuna
It is an online bookmaker that underpins client showcase from India. This bookmaker permits secure route framework for better client experience for its clients. This site is an enrolled one, so it is ok for bettors to play their chances helpfully. They offer an assortment of choices like live wagering, club games betting and chances wagering. In any case, the new clients are given with 100% reward on making their first store.
8-William Hill
It is a notable brand far and wide. William slope was established in 1934. They have a fabulous inclusion of live football matches and different games. Their bet slip is splendid as well, allowing you full usefulness in controlling your wagering alternatives. You can make installment and withdrawal through various techniques.
9-Betvictor
Betvictor began its capacities during the 1940s. Through quality organizations, they have grown an enormous nearness in the online business. Betvictor isn't constrained to sports wagering, and they are likewise running some non-sports markets. They have entirely broad sportsbook which incorporates rugby, snooker, volleyball, cricket and darts.
10-22bet
22bet was set up in2017. Their sportsbook is an incredible fascination towards clients. Football, cricket, golf and tennis are the principle zones to take a gander at. 22bet is exceptionally liberal when discussing welcome rewards. Their clients must be 18+ to enroll themselves.
11-Paddy Power
Paddy Power is one of the most famous brands which is perceived all around the globe. They began their administrations in 1988 when three Irish bookmakers met up. There is a gigantic mean acknowledge in the Paddy Power sportsbook.
12-Unibet
Unibet is one of the well known brands in Europe and India. It was established in 1997. Their sportsbook spread tennis, football, b-ball just as chess, futsal, floor ball, bandy and surfing. They likewise offer a cash back reward for new clients. They offer a gigantic scope of wagering markets.
Unibet is probably the most seasoned game bookmaker around the world, set up in 1997, serving a large number of web based wagering account holders. It is notable all over Europe for its superb games wagering, online gambling club and poker stages.
13-Betfred
Betfred is a British bookmaker. They offer their administrations for India also. Betting power licenses them. The Betfred Empire starts working in 1967. They are offering a noteworthy edge on football wagering. You can either utilize their versatile application or site to make the most of their administrations.
14-888sport
It is an European based wagering stage which acknowledges the clients of India also. It is one of the perceived brands in odd markets. They are covering numerous games like rugby, soccer, cricket, tennis, horse dashing golf, boxing cycling and numerous others. You can make the most of their liberal invite offers.
15-Coral
When discussing Indian bookmakers, Coral is among the primary names you can consider. Coral was established during the 1920s, and it is one of the most well known brands when talking about excellent items and offers. They show top European nearby soccer with stunning highlights. Numerous different games have been presented, including football classes.
16-Royal Panda
Illustrious Panda is a worldwide stage which is offering their administrations all around India. They are advancing on the web gambling clubs, not the sportsbook. You can utilize their versatile application and site to make the most of their inventive rewards. It is one of the strictest betting locales. They are offering a wide scope of wagering markets. They are covering circuitous 40 games and a lot of classes.
17-Smarkets
Smarkets is an online stage which was established by a little gathering of speculator. They are acclaimed for their propelled exchanging stage and 25th quickest developed organization in Europe. Smarkets is exceptionally simple to utilize. They are sans offering wagers for their new clients and welcome rewards. Their essential center is noteworthy games like football tennis, golf, baseball and cricket.
18-Leovegas
It gives a gigantic portable wagering experience. Leovegas assumes an indispensable job in Indian wagering site. As we enter the landing page of Leovegas India, the primary thing we see slider is a slider in the focal point of the screen, publicizing for the most well known games and advancements here on Leovegas. Leovegas offers a clean and userfriendly stage.
19-10cric
As an ever increasing number of wagering locales are beginning to focus on the imperative Indian market, it is turning into somewhat hard for players to choose which spot is most appropriate for them. One of the most common issues is by all accounts how to get to these sites
20-Bet365
Bet365 is celebrated for being one of the greatest and best-wagering locales on the planet. Be that as it may, what makes Bet365 great? That response to this inquiry is that Bet365 has taken the internet wagering industry to an uncommon new level. They give the best betting involvement with all territories. They have the most gigantic assortment of gambling club games and sports wagering. They offer the best portable wagering experience, the best reward on wagering and simply the most amazing live betting experience generally.
Be that as it may, the point which makes Bet365 the world's greatest wagering site is the notoriety for unwavering quality that they have worked for themselves in years. Bet365 is a wagering site you can trust. They generally pay what they owe, and they put incredible significance on their notoriety is the thing that makes Bet365 a genuinely extraordinary bookmaker.
21-Sportsbet.io
Sportsbet.io is a worldwide games wagering organization that was established by individuals with an energy for sports. When you enter the site of Sportsbet.io, you get the inclination that this whole site is committed to sports wagering. It doesn't have the equivalent lavish impression that you jump on an old wagering site like Unibet or Betway. It's more Spartan and old school.
Then again, this isn't really an awful thing. They don't attempt to push ads or advancements at all of you an opportunity to achieve client's consideration. It's an entirely reliable spot for individuals who simply need to put down wagers and not need to stress over something over the top.
22-Bodog
Bodog is an old wagering bookmaker really among the most seasoned on the planet which has as of late opened up and began tolerating Indians players.
They have set up the procedure of the wagering site principally to serve bettors from India, where they endeavor an assortment of live cricket wagering alternatives, give helpful choices of storing cash and permit Indian money.
On the off chance that you appreciate sports wagering and club games or poker sitting, at that point you will in all likelihood appreciate Bodog India.
Bodog begins from Europe, yet it has an Indian site that is customized to suit the flavor of Indian players. Consequently it is of nothing unexpected to discover that the Bodog India Sports wagering is wealthy in cricket wagering.
The sportsbook incorporates all the noteworthy universal cricket competitions and arrangement, just as the well known classes like the Indian Premier League and the huge slam group Australia.
23-1XBET
1XBET Bookmaker is a youthful and quickly developing wagering site. Established in 2007, earlier it worked distinctly in the region, with more than 1,000 wagering bookmakers in Russia, and later started the experience in the online market. 1XBET is viewed as the main global bookmaker, in India the genuine speculators know it for quite a while in light of the fact that he underpins Indian rupee (INR) and has a Hindi language Version.
1XBET is mainstream for Indian expert punters, yet before long will be known in each edge of India, for the straightforward reasons that its installments segment is adjustable. So you can pick INDIA (from the rundown of nations) and see the techniques for stores and pulls back are accessible, obviously, don't missing Neteller and skrill all simple and clear.
24-BET WINNER
On the off chance that you are searching for a bookmaker that gives the best chances on the most famous games, the Betwinner might be the wagering site you are searching for.
Wager victor is a moderately new wagering site, however they have just become famous as the spot to be with regards to finding the best chances.
Wager victor is a moderately ongoing theorist that start its tasks in 2016 in the wake of accomplishing an administration permit from (Curaçao eGaming) for working on the web. Betb2b.com fabricated this site, and it is a similar program that is adding to 1xBET (acclaimed administrator of Russia) since 2007.
25-COME ON
Regardless of whether it is their online club activity or their games extend, COMEON India perseveres freely from others, through their broad inclusion and activities. They spread 29 classes of sports and offer a few other elective markets. This sportsbook underpins practically all standard installment designs and gives an incredible reward to new clients.
When you join as a part, you get an invite reward, and you can pick the alternative for the prize that you like. You can store cash once you sign in to your record by essentially tapping on the decision of store. ComeOn India offers the accompanying choices to store your cash
MasterCard
Visa Card
Paysafe Card
Skrill
Neteller
MuchBetter and the sky is the limit from there
26-Pinnacle
This is something we appreciate prescribe when you are simply beginning on another game. Start by playing for no particular reason, and once you've seen that you can bring in cash at this game, at that point toss in some genuine and unique rupees.
Genuine wagering is a zenith with brilliant highlights and extraordinary advancements
At Pinnacle, we know about definitely what Indian players search for in an amazing on the web gambling club. That is the reason we've accumulated a breathtaking mix of the most reliable online gambling club clubs around. Additionally, determinations of incredible table games don't stop there and make your life agreeable and simple we likewise offer a colossal assortment of store strategies for Indians gambling club players.
27-MELBet
Our consideration is currently redirected to the focal point of the screen where we see an advancement slider. It is where Unibet features all the present advancements that they are running. They are very brave advancements going on, which we will investigate later. One thing we notice is that all the costs are named in euros.
Beside the live wagering segment, we notice a catch named "supertoto'", and we choose to look at it. It ends up being another uncommon capacity, which is truly remarkable when contrasted with Unibet. Supertoto is a basic method to put down a wager on sports. The objective is to wagered on the result of whatever number matches as could be expected under the circumstances. You can wager on a success, lose or draw.
28-Matchbook
Matchbook offers a total sportsbook with in excess of 40 distinct games classifications to bet on, including cricket, football, tennis, horse dashing and practically all the famous games, just as e-sports, expert wrestling and different less normal games. You have a decision of live wagering on each live match that is occurring right now, and numerous competitions can even be live-spilled with liberated from cost office. The main standard is that you include put down a wager inside the most recent 24 hours. That gives you full access to the live spilling capacity.
29-Betfair
Betfair is one of the world's biggest global online games wagering specialist co-ops. Betfair has more than 2,000 utilizes around the world. Betfair holds betting permit in Malta, Gibraltar Italy, Tasmania and the United States. Betfair is promising in conveying exclusive expectations of respectability and has ensured more than 40 Memoranda of Understanding with the administering groups of sports.
Betfair is the most significant wagering bookmaker on the planet, offering a wide scope of wagering items including exotics wagering markets and extraordinary games, huge poker networks, arcade games and a gambling club.
30-Dafabet
Something that make Dafabet one of a kind is that they were made to serve the Asian market. All things considered, we can see that they are doing a great deal to interest Asian players, and particularly Indian players. For instance, we realize that they acknowledge Indian cash stores. They additionally offer loads of well known Indian games, for example, cricket, tennis and kabaddi. As an Indian player, it is pleasant to feel like you are esteemed as a client. There is likewise a lot of European games and well known Asian games and gambling club games accessible.
31-Rizk
It is an energizing and one of a kind internet betting webpage having a place with the European island naming Malta. The site is special it might be said that it depends on a superhuman topic which is an uncommon thing we have seen on some other wagering site previously. This current bookmaker's appeal is a hero naming Captain Rizk, and his topic can be discovered everywhere throughout the site.
32-Meridian BET
Meridian Bet is a main worldwide supplier of on the web and land-based games wagering arrangements with 700+ wagering shops in 35 nations around four landmasses? Their most noteworthy accomplishment is the steady income development pace of 20% over the most recent three years. They likewise offer an every minute of every day client assistance by means of live talk, telephone, email or informal community.
33-SBOBET
Inside an incredibly solemn methodology towards security and visitor administration, SBOBET is a main web based gaming brand. They have won the Asian Operator of the year grant for 2009-10. SBOBET offers you a quick and secure player condition with prompt winning outcomes, fast installments and simple access to nonstop web based wagering.
34-Winamax
This webpage is among the world's biggest online poker rooms and sports wagering destinations offering phenomenal chances to its players. Its immense number of enlisted genuine cash players has surpassed 3,000,000. This site gives dependable gaming instruments to make poker protected and a good time for the players.
35-5DIMES
This site is known to be the highest quality level in internet gaming. It offers on the web and via telephone wagers for open parlays. Owning the business for over 15 years adds to unwavering quality. This site gives the player's cashback rewards, diminished juice wagers, free play remunerates and significantly more.
36-ADJARABET
Situated in Georgia, this organization is the main site in the nation. Players can play gambling club games on the web or entertain themselves with sports wagering at this bookmaker website.
37-Planetwin365
Planetwin365 is Europe's quickest developing wagering and gaming administrators. This site is working with a large number of subsidiary accomplices over the world. More than one million wagers are handled day by day, and it additionally supplies in excess of 1300 retail outlets. The brand planetwin 365 is claimed by the SKS365 gathering of organizations which holds online licenses alongside land-based licenses from seven nations in Europe.
38-Red Sport
Red game is a worldwide games betting organization. It started to include in sports sponsorship in 2010. This organization is among the first non-US online games wagering organizations working in the United States. It is additionally an individual from ESSA, which is the European wagering uprightness body.
39-Cloud wager
Cloud wager directs the wagering business through a chain of authorized shops that are situated in Ireland and the UK. It offers online games wagering, online club and poker, online bingo and numerous other web based games.
40-POKER SPORTS
Once in the past known as Party Bets, is presently possessed by one of the biggest poker locales on the net, Party Poker. Authorized from both Gibraltar and UK, the site offers a wide scope of sports and great client care. To stall out in, the site gives a broad scope of games. Customers are very much provided food for, and every single significant game occasions are secured. Football is the most mainstream and secured sport by a wide margin, as the site is an European confronting bookmaker.
41-SPORTSPESA
Sportspesa, a games news innovation, was established in 2014, offering web based games and lotteries. It is a games news innovation with around 500 workers and has put resources into the advancement of the nearby games groups and competitions in Tanzania and Kenya. It works in relationship with TGP in the UK.
42-NOVIBET
Claimed by Logflex MT constrained, NOVIBET.com is a completely enlisted web based betting site. Playing with Novibet isn't simply fun however is sheltered and secure on the grounds that it holds licenses from MGA, which make the site obliged to keep all customers assets in trust accounts. The site offers a dependable gaming strategy and is focused on limiting the unfavorable impacts of issue betting and is resolved to advance positive betting practices.
43-BETPAWA
Offering different sorts of bettings on numerous games from over the world, BETPAWA is the most present day and quick wagering site in Zambia. This site is a creative bookmaker that offers the most reduced value wagers. It leads a wide assortment of pre-coordinate and in-play wagers on football alongside different games like b-ball, tennis and so on. You can choose from an immense scope of wagers on the site and can likewise decide on live wagering.
44-MISLI
As a piece of Fold gadgets gaming and distributing, MISLI was established in 2009. This site is situated in Istanbul. MISLI is a participation based site which offers online games wagering and lotteries. This site offers wagers on an assortment of games, particularly supporting soccer. It likewise gives the clients to play the national lottery. This site as of now utilizes 36 innovations. MISLI.com has been positioned 12,027 among the worldwide sites dependent on the huge number of its month to month guests surpassing 4,115,485.
45-Sky BET
Sky wagering and gaming, a British based Canadian organization, has offered a wagering division as Sky Bet. It possesses 1,628 representatives and is evaluated sixth among the ten highest contenders. This organization is the world's driving internet gaming and wagering organization which has the most noteworthy number of clients than any other person. Lion's share of the tasks of Sky Bet are led from Leeds. They offer to wager through their site, phone or portable applications and so forth. AGCC licenses the organization. Sky Bet likewise had a TV channel on Sky Channel 864 which quit working on February 2012.
46-Bet SAFE
With regards to online club and wagering, and Bet Safe is a rumored name. This website is a bookmaker and online gambling club which was established in 2006 and is possessed by a notable Swedish organization. 400 fifty thousand clients profit the ideas from 100 distinct nations around the globe. The dependability and unwavering quality of the site are apparent by the tremendous number of clients it possesses. Wager Safe is an easy to understand site offering an enormous assortment of games and items. It gives an astounding client assistance program and its simple to store and pull back cash. This site gives its clients the best web based gaming experience.
47-1xBit
This site offer betting stage for Bitcoin and digital money was established in 2016. Wagers are offered day by day more than 1000 games. Live online club games and in excess of 3000 openings are likewise accessible. A selective element is that it gives its games too. All client accounts bolster numerous monetary forms, and it empowers the players to wager utilizing in excess of ten cryptographic forms of money. Clients are additionally offered an assortment of rewards. A 100% first store reward is the most extreme preferred position. A bug assists with multiplying and right away pull back the main store reserves. Client's perspectives recommend that their client care is dependable and accommodating. It is being seen as the best reserving site for crypto. It offers high chances to the players when contrasted with comparable sportsbooks.
48-Mozzart BET
Since 2000, Mozzart has been a specific piece of the gaming business. This organization offers around 10,000 chances day by day for around 500 games. As of late, Mozzart has led its ground activity with more than 900 retailer shops and has seen a high development rate in its online administrations. One ought to be over 18 to wager on the site Mozzartbet.com. BCLB has given the permit to the site. Live wagering on games is offered including football, ball, tennis and other critical occasions. You can observe live spilling of your preferred round and put down online wagers.
49-Boyle SPORT
Ireland biggest and free bookmaker is known as BoyleSports. They contribute in the online space by adding the top of the line applications to the google play store which offer web based wagering, club, gaming, wagering and lottery administrations. By 2004, they had 77 shops, and in 2006 they opened their 100th store.
50-BetChris
In 2019, BetChris declared to enter the United Kingdom retail advertise with the popular bookmaker Gilbert. The organization's activity was extended in Northern Ireland which made the nation Ireland's biggest retail bookmaker.
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[Foreign Policy] When Coal Comes to Paradise

As China pushes clean energy policies at home, it is exporting its high-pollution coal industry to pristine places like Kenya’s Lamu Island—with Nairobi’s seal of approval. Local residents fear it will destroy the environment they depend on.

By Dana Ullman
LAMU, Kenya—China’s ambition to become a world leader on climate change has led its government to pursue an ambitious initiative to reduce emissions domestically. Amid massive reforms to switch to cleaner energy sources such as natural gas, China has barred new coal plants in 10 regions and proposed suspending construction of more than 100 coal plants last year.
China’s carbon-dioxide emissions grew by 2.3 percent in 2018, and are set to peak in 2030. (There has been some easing of restrictions, Bloomberg reports, indicating how coal-dependent China remains.) Still, the growth is slower than climate researchers expected. With investments in alternative energy increasing and domestic demand for coal-fired power dropping so quickly, China has been left with a surplus of labor, technology, and equipment. To remedy this, China’s coal industry has been encouraged by the government to look to outside markets for its survival.
While China is on track to meeting its Paris climate agreement targets domestically, it continues to invest in and profit from coal power projects across the world. Domestic restrictions do not apply to projects abroad, and China has capitalized on this exception by exporting its surplus of coal-related equipment and technology to countries desperate for industry, undermining a global push to phase out coal. China has invested in coal projects in 34 countries, 11 of which are in Africa, according to data compiled by Global Energy Monitor’s Global Coal Plant Tracker, an industry watchdog. China invested in eight of those African countries, six of which have no existing coal-related infrastructure, after its commitment to the Paris climate agreement in 2015. Once completed, these projects would generate 102 gigawatts in coal power globally, locking countries that currently have little to no coal capacity into coal dependency, according to a statement from Urgewald, a German environmental rights group.
Lamu Island, 200 miles north of the Kenyan port of Mombasa, is one of the places that China’s industrial surplus is poised to transform.
Lamu can only be reached by boat. As one approaches the island, Lamu Town, a 14th-century fishing village, appears like a shimmering time capsule of coral limestone, flanked by traditional dhows carved from mangrove wood and crowned by the minarets of Lamu’s dozens of mosques.
Cars have yet to replace the donkeys that weave through Lamu’s narrow streets. Considered the cradle of Swahili Islamic culture, Lamu is a UNESCO Heritage site that retains much of its multicultural heritage, a rich tapestry of African, Arab, and Indian traditions. The Lamu Archipelago’s unique biodiversity has also, for the most part, been left untouched, preserving its sense of paradise for tourists and locals. That, however, is changing.
Lamu has become the contentious centerpiece of the government’s ambitious Kenya Vision 2030 plan, which aims to transform the country into East Africa’s industrial touchstone. As far back as the 1970s, plans for a massive multinational infrastructure project have been on the table, but they have never materialized due to lack of funding. Today, thanks in part to Chinese loans, the newest incarnation is the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET), which includes a port and coal plant in Lamu County.
According to the LAPSSET’s Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, Lamu County was chosen for its remote location and accessibility for coal shipments. Since Kenya has no infrastructure in place for the transport of coal, South Africa has been granted a contract to import coal to the site until Kenya can build a railway from Lamu to Mui Basin in Kitui County, over 200 miles away, where concessions have been granted to Chinese companies to begin coal mining.
Critics of the project, such as Raya Famau, a Lamu resident and self-described “land defender,” argue that the long-term costs of pollution, water contamination, overpopulation, and imports far outweigh saving a few cents on electricity. Famau saw the effects of coal firsthand when she and other community members traveled to Mpumalanga province in South Africa—where coal for the Lamu plant will be shipped from—and witnessed the effects of coal mining on the local community’s quality of life. “We cannot have this coal project in Lamu,” Famau insists. “In the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo], Uganda, Ghana, South Africa, I’ve come to see our struggle as women is the same, especially when it comes to land rights. Women are homebuilders, mothers, wives, [and] farmers. Everything. When you are destroying our livelihood, you’re destroying us.”
The coal project is owned by Amu Power, a Kenyan, Omani, U.S., and Chinese consortium. China, through three companies including state-owned China Huadian Corporation, the world’s second-largest coal plant developer. In 2017, China Power Global signed a $2 billion deal with Amu Power for the coal plant. The Industrial Commercial Bank of China has financed $1.2 billion. In May 2018, the U.S. conglomerate General Electric purchased a 20 percent stake—$400 million—in the power plant. GE says it will “design, manufacture and deliver its ‘Ultra Super-Critical’ clean coal technology components [boiler and steam turbine generator] and air quality control systems.”
With the increased international attention on coal’s spotty track record, many critics have argued that there is no such thing as “clean coal.” The National Institutes of Health callcoal-fired power plants in the United States “the biggest industrial sources of mercury and arsenic in the air.” Testifying at a tribunal hearing on LAPSSET, Lauri Myllyvirta, a coal and air pollution expert at Greenpeace, said “the project would emit five to 10 times more air pollution than new coal plants are allowed to emit in China.” Chinese Premier Li Keqiang has himself acknowledged that “environmental pollution is a blight on people’s quality of life.” But transferring that blight from China to other countries seems less of a concern.
Kenya’s debt is $7.3 billion and China is its biggest lender—accounting for 72 percent of bilateral debt. While it’s still too early to see the effects of China’s investments in Kenya, public fear is festering. In December 2018, Kenyan media reported a leaked government audit alleging that the port of Mombasa, 80 percent of which is financed by China, is losing money and that defaulting on loans would result in the port’s transfer to Chinese hands. President Uhuru Kenyatta responded that the issue was “pure propaganda.”
Examples of what is being coined as China’s “debt-trap diplomacy” can be found in countries across the globe, such as in Sri Lanka, where China took control of the Hambantota port after the country failed to pay back a loan. Similar projects in Djibouti and Pakistan prompted Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad to warn of a “new version of colonialism.” Chinese President Xi Jinping rejected the accusation when he pledged $60 billion towards African development last fall.
According to data collected by Global Coal Plant Tracker, China has more than 200 coal projects in 34 countries. Edward Cunningham, a specialist in China’s energy markets at Harvard University, told NPR in April that China is developing or planning over 300 coal plants worldwide. Many of these projects are part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which is expanding infrastructure projects across coastal regions worldwide.
The BRI has a choir of critics—mainly Western governments—who worry that the initiative is a strategic attempt to gain regional political and economic influence through attractive, though opaque, transactional loans rather than the orthodox development loans from lenders such as the International Monetary Fund that come with strings attached. Chinese financing commonly comes with big contracts for Chinese construction companies and labor but few policy conditions like those attached to IMF and World Bank loans.
Such is the case in Lamu, where much of the workforce is Chinese and the locals who have worked on the LAPSSET project, like Hussan Obo, described working conditions as “prisonlike.” In 2018, according to a Rainforest Action Network report, “Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and ICBC were responsible for 71 percent of finance from major global banks for the coal mining subsector, and 55 percent of coal power finance.”
Anzetse Were, a Kenyan international development economist, believes there is reason for concern. “In Kenya, our debt has doubled in five years under the Kenyatta government, and that is problematic and concerning,” she said. “We are aware of the resource curse. There have [been] tensions in areas of the country that have a lot of commodities, especially when it comes to distributing the profits from those resources.” She doubts Kenya can come up with the money to make good on its loans and support long-term infrastructure projects, which will fall on the shoulders of everyday Kenyans.
Kenyan leaders have defended the borrowing spree, saying they will manage. The tensions Were alludes to have flared in Lamu. Tourism makes up the bulk of Lamu’s economy and is slowly coming back to life after years of regional instability due to al-Shabab militant attacks, but small-scale farming and fishing are the backbone of economic sustainability for most people living in Lamu County—and coal production could pose a dire threat.
Morning prayers have ended, and local fishermen sit languidly along Lamu Town’s marina in the rising sun. It’s high season for tuna, lobster, kingfish, and barracuda but the books at Lamu’s Beach Management Unit show that only three of the 15 boats that went out in the last few days listed a catch.
At Mokowe landing, a short sail from Lamu Town, Bashir Abdi weighs the morning catch, handing the fish over to his brothers who pack them on ice to be shipped to Mombasa. “The catches are very small,” he says. “We used to bring in 250 kilos; now it’s 100, even 80 kilos. That’s not even enough for petrol.”
The fishermen invariably complain that dredging for the construction of Lamu’s port about 10 miles away is the cause of dwindling numbers of fish. They speak of police barring access to traditional fishing areas and increases in dead fish from warming waters pushing them out to the high seas, where their wooden dhows cannot take them.
Dredging for the Lamu port has already destroyed mangrove forests, coral reefs, and traditional breeding areas for fish and other wildlife which local communities have depended on for their food and livelihoods for centuries. Conflicts over compensation, jobs, and land rights have also intensified, resulting in legal cases and protests stalling the coal plant project over the last few years.
“There will be population pressure in Lamu,” says Sam, a boat captain, after dropping off a group of Chinese workers who come to the island once a week to shop. “Lamu is so small. Those projects are very big ones. So many people will be coming to Lamu … and that will bring so many effects—pressure on population, prostitutes, some people won’t get jobs. What will they do?” he asks. “And there will be poverty. Those fishermen are working there and the water is polluted. Their poverty will increase.” The environmental and social impact assessment estimates that Lamu County’s current population of 112,252 could swell to over 1 million people.
Walid Ahmed Ali is the founder of Lamu Youth Alliance and a member of Save Lamu, a grassroots coalition of more than 35 community groups against the coal plant. Ali regularly visits what locals call “the box,” the 975 acres Amu Power has allocated for the coal plant. Once home to subsistence farms and indigenous tribes such as the Aweer, the land, assessed by the government as “undeveloped,” now lays barren as if hit by a natural disaster. He says communities were evicted without adequate consultation or compensation.
The only structure in sight is a water tower with an Amu Power logo. The destruction of mangroves is painfully visible when sailing to the “box.” Mangroves are natural carbon storers, their wood essential to building traditional dhows and home to nesting wildlife that supply local communities with food. The loss of these forests is already causing irreparable harm. “We are selling Kenya cheap,” says Ali. “The president makes deals for his own benefit, and we are the ones who will suffer.” Xi has called for China’s infrastructure initiative to be “green, healthy, intelligent, and peaceful.” In his speech at the Paris conference on climate change in 2015, he called for transfers of climate-friendly technologies to developing countries and urged international cooperation on climate change, but the guidelines for this, and whether they will be met, are unclear. Adding to the perplexity of China’s long-term game plan, a report released in March co-authored by Global Energy Monitor, Greenpeace, and the Sierra Club found that China is taking a “boom and bust” approach and is actually considering increasing the domestic cap for coal capacity to 1,300 gigawatts, which would add “between 300 and 500 new coal power plants by 2030,” according to Myllyvirta, one the report’s authors.
As the world turns away from coal, the question remains: Why is Kenya embracing it? With more than 51 million people, Kenya must meet energy demands, as every growing country does, but it doesn’t need to be through fossil fuels. Kenya has an opportunity to be a global leader in clean, renewable energy instead of becoming one more fossil fuel producer. It already boasts the largest wind power farm in Africa by number of turbines, Lake Turkana Wind Power Station.
Renewable sources account for 80 percent of Kenya’s energy supply, and access to electricity jumped from 28 percent in 2013 to more than 60 percent in 2017. Oxfam estimates thatKenya’s power demand over the next decade would be best met by investing in geothermal energy rather than a new coal plant. It would actually be cheaper.
Ironically, China’s own investments in hydroelectric, solar, and wind power have driven down the costs of renewable energy in the global market as fossil fuels become passé. It appears that as an era of coal ends in China, Beijing is simply looking to sell off overstock and shift labor needs abroad (it’s estimated that 2.3 million Chinese coal miners will be jobless by 2020) while strategically placing itself in a powerful position to drive Kenya’s market for energy and transport.
Adding to the gloom, General Electric and U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration, with its pro-coal agenda, seem to be taking cues from China. The year 2018 was not a good one for GE, which may explain the firm’s bullish gamble with coal: The company lost $90 billion in market value, its shares on Wall Street plunged more than 50 percent, and an open investigation by the Department of Justice lingers. Turbines, such as those GE is selling to Kenya, are the company’s bread and butter. When former CEO Jeff Immelt stepped down in mid-2017, it seems he took with him GE’s support for the Paris agreement and the company’s climate policy, which “supports policies that promote both lower carbon emissions and sustainable economic growth.” In a letter sent to GE last summer, a group of 56 institutional and individual investors, representing nearly $713 billion in assets under management, demanded the company reconsider its decision to acquire a 20 percent stake in the Lamu coal plant,highlighting not only environmental and human rights concerns but Amu Power’s misleading cost savings for fossil fuels versus alternative renewable energy. GE did not respond to a request for comment. “We are accusing GE of making a deal with Amu Power … without considering our concerns because they knew the local community’s position,” said Ali, the community activist. “The Americans, it seems, are like China and make deals without considering our constitution or our customary right. We condemn this. To us, America is a role model, so we are very, very disappointed by GE.” A few weeks before GE signed on to the coal project, the High Court of Kenya ruled in the community’s favor, ordering millions in compensation to almost 5,000 fishermen in Lamu for the loss of their traditional fishing rights because of the construction of the port. Save Lamu filed a complaint against the coal project, alleging constitutional and potential human rights violations. Residents say they were removed from their land without compensation and that the community was not adequately consulted about increased electricity costs or environmental and social impacts of the project. A judge declined to hear the case.
As Kenya moves ahead with the coal plant, community activists say they have been increasingly targeted by the government after police raided Save Lamu’s office last year. The coalition has been accused of being a terrorist group linked to al-Shabab, and members have been intimidated, arrested, and detained for protesting—their constitutional right—though no charges were ever brought. Two activists have been missing since 2016 and one is presumed dead, as detailed in a Human Rights Watch report.
For community organizers, international attention has galvanized their cause. Four U.S. senators wrote a letter to the African Development Bank, asking it not to finance the project, though the deal is still being considered. Protests have been staged in Nairobi and as far away as San Francisco. The final decision may not come until it’s too late.
In 2010, Ustadh Mahmoud Abdulaqadir, an esteemed Lamu poet and imam affectionately known as “Mau,” wrote a poem describing a wave of changes crashing over Lamu: “It will wash away morals/We must be patient if we want better rewards.”
Asked if the poem felt prophetic, he sighs. “Yes, development is like a tsunami. Our culture will be further broken.”
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My Fallout Vault Ideas

I know that there is posts for making vault ideas already, but i wanted to list some of my own
comment on them if you want and please suggest some ideas for new ones.

Background to my Vaults

One of the great minds of vault-tec is Alexander Markusburg, who created a lot more gecks then vault-tec ever said they made. Including 5 'Super Gecks', powerful enough to make the others Alexander made worthless. Afraid and worried for the world, he went and with numerous allies created many more vaults all over the world, known as the A-G vaults. He placed his super gecks in 5 special vaults under 5 certain cities. Soon he went into his private vault under the Berlin wall, known as the Berlin Vault. Inside is him, who created tons of bodies for himself and froze his old one, His head scientists who also have a few clone bodies, and numerous people brought in to help test his ideas, creations, and more. However one more thing,....due to the idea of magic from the dunwich locations in fallout, he was both a scientist, and a mage.
Note: Alexander is not op because, well....you could disable all of his clones and then kill him easily so....yea, he is still human, just a smart one who made things he couldn't trust in anyone's hands. Also unlike Vault Tec, Alexander didn't want to experiment too much, and thus only the F and G vaults are the ones where more experiments take place, due how they were made by some scientists that joined him from Vault Tec, not trusting them either.
Note 2: The Gun Runners are in a sense a company in the wasteland, thus if there is a base, and there is traders, you can still get companies.
Note 3: Vaults A-E all are mostly harmless, with more less chaotic situations and experiments
Note 4: I may not fit all of them here, so the most i will go to is to the 90th or 100th vault
Note 5: There is a lot of character i will make for each vault, if you want a character to be featured in one of the A-G vaults say so
Note 6: A mini geck is bascally a smaller portable geck with a few strong yet hard to recharge charges, once it's all used up, it breaks down.

The 5 Super Geck Vaults

The A Vaults (Scattered all over the world, and Alexander Jokes he placed one on the moon)

The B Vaults (Mostly North America, and the Caribbean)

The C Vaults (Mostly in Asia and Oceania)

The D Vaults (Mostly in South and Centural America as well as Africa and the Middle East)

The E Vaults (Mostly in Europe)

The F Vaults (aka when Alexander's vaults ended, and his fellow scientists vaults started afther these, alexander pulled the plug fully on vault building but 32 more scientists still went out and made some. All are near the water)

The G Vaults (only 32, made in the last few years before the bombs started falling across the world, made by the Lucky 32 scientists, as each made one of the vaults. All are under a existing building)

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The Risks of Foreign Policy as Political Distraction

The Risks of Foreign Policy as Political Distraction
by Dominic Tierney via Master Feed : The Atlantic
URL: http://ift.tt/2s5UgKq
If you’re an embattled head of state, deflecting criticism through foreign adventure carries seductive appeal: Outside threats can cause people to pull together. As King Henry IV advises his son Hal, the future king, in Shakespeare’s _Henry IV, Part 2:_busy giddy minds
With foreign quarrels; that action, hence borne out,
May waste the memory of the former days.
What better way to patch over domestic discord than to take on a common enemy?
In the real world, many historians interpret the Crimean War of 1853-1856 as an effort by French Emperor Louis Napoleon to buttress his support among French Catholics by fighting the Orthodox Russians. Karl Marx wrote that the emperor “has no alternative left but revolution at home or war abroad.” In 1857, President James Buchanan sent troops to reassert federal control over the Mormon regime in Utah, and in the words of one confidant, drown out “the pipings of Abolitionism” with the “almost universal excitement of an Anti-Mormon Crusade.” Shortly after the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, the Russian minister of the interior said: “We need a little, victorious war to stem [the tide of] revolution.”
In the summer of 1998, at the height of the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Bill Clinton confessed on television that his romantic relationship with a White House intern amounted to “a critical lapse in judgment … a personal failure.” Three days later, with his presidency hanging in the balance, the administration announced airstrikes against suspected terrorist sites in Sudan and Afghanistan, following the bombing of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Many observers claimed that Clinton had launched a classic diversionary war, or a use of force to sidetrack the media, whip up patriotic sentiment, and boost approval ratings. One journalist asked Secretary of Defense William Cohen if he had seen the 1997 movie Wag the Dog, in which the White House fabricates a war to distract attention from the president’s dalliance with a young girl. Cohen said the only goal of the strikes, “was our absolute obligation to protect the American people from terrorist activities.”
Today, some critics claim that Donald Trump will adopt a version of the _Wag the Dog_strategy, and launch an _actual_major conflict to deflect attention from the growing Russia scandal. In the Daily Beast, Michael Tomasky outlined a number of dangerous scenarios for a “caged and cornered animal” like Trump, the first being that he “tries to start a war,” perhaps against North Korea. Distraction is indeed at the core of Trump’s foreign policy—but its role is far more subtle and broadly applied.
At present, the Trump administration finds itself caught in just the sort of storm of circumstance that could lure it into a diversionary foreign policy. Trump certainly has a motive to busy giddy minds, given the FBI’s investigation into collusion between his campaign and Russia, as well as approval ratings mired in the 30s. Because the president of the United States has a relatively free hand to use force, Trump also has the opportunity to divert attention. (The White House can’t impose its will on healthcare, but it can unilaterally launch airstrikes.)
In addition, Trump has an unparalleled capacity to dominate the news. He may be the most famous person ever to stroll the earth, or at least ride a golf cart. In January, by one account, Trump received more media coverage than the next 1,000-most famous people put together.
On top of this, distraction has been a staple of Trump’s political strategy since he declared his intention to run for president. When negative stories arise, his instinct is to seize the narrative with bold, even outlandish, claims—accusing Barack Obama of wiretapping the phones in Trump Tower, for example. If the diversion sets off another firestorm, the solution is further deflection, like a magician whose first trick goes up in smoke and then immediately begins performing a new illusion.
Trump has the flexibility to pursue a diversionary foreign policy because he lacks a clear diplomatic doctrine. In some policy areas, such trade and immigration, he has been consistent. But his positions on issues of war and peace have been highly mutable—he was for the Iraq war and then against it, pro-intervention in Libya before opposing this course of action, and largely indecipherable on Afghanistan. This gives him greater latitude to deploy smoke and mirrors when opportunities arise.
What are the core elements of a diversionary foreign policy? First of all, diplomatic moves should be attention-grabbing, symbolic, and popular, particularly among the base. The smartest diversionary actions also have some substantive merit, precisely so the true agenda is harder to spot. After all, giddy minds shouldn’t know they’ve been busied.
Ultimately, it’s not what the foreign policy _does_that matters, but what people _think_it does: the myths it creates, the stories it weaves, the narratives it reinforces. In Trump’s case, the tale is one of dark enemies and unscrupulous allies. His diplomacy seeks to establish a narrative of America First, a commitment to protect the U.S. homeland even if—or _especially_if—it irritates global elites.
Seen through this lens, much of Trump’s behavior seems designed to distract, however clumsily. Just consider the diversionary tweets. The president has repeatedly picked fights for his own political benefit by, for example, criticizing London mayor Sadiq Khan and taking his words out of context to make him appear weak on terrorism. Trump may see Khan, a foreign Muslim, as an ideal foil given the embrace of anti-Muslim attitudes among some in the Republican party.
And then there’s Trump’s diversionary staging. When he decided to withdraw America from the Paris climate deal, he could have given other nations maximum lead time to help them handle the fallout. Instead, he hyped up his forthcoming announcement, leading to frenzied debate about whether the United States would stay or go, as if his sole concern was to boost ratings on a reality television show.
But what about military force? To be clear, there is little cause to speculate that Trump plans to launch a full-scale war solely to distract attention. For one thing, as president, the worst possible time to start a major military campaign is when you’re deeply unpopular. And the political upside is shaky at best. Recent big wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were politically damaging to George W. Bush. Even victory doesn’t guarantee a pay-off, as George H. W. Bush discovered when he won the 1991 Gulf War and then lost his bid for reelection in 1992.
A crisis may arise where there are real national-security rationales for fighting, along with potential domestic gains. Here, the payoff at home would likely enter Trump’s calculus, and even push him over the edge to fight, with the legitimate _casus belli_providing a shield of plausible deniability.
The most tempting use of force may be a seemingly manageable, but still dazzling, kinetic operation, like a missile strike or a raid to kill terrorist leaders. Another option would be to escalate a crisis where an easy win seems available: The key is to find the right enemy, one that’s both widely hated and too weak to fight back. After all, there’s a well-established “rally ‘round the flag” effect, where almost any military crisis temporarily juices the president’s approval ratings. In the wake of Clinton’s airstrikes in 1998, one poll found that 68 percent of Americans approved of his foreign policy. Republican House Speaker Newt Gingrich said, “it was the right thing to do at the right time.”
In a hyper-partisan era like today, military operations offer one of the few avenues by which Trump could win backing from both sides of the aisle. In April, the White House launched airstrikes against the Syrian regime, following its use of chemical weapons, and won praise from Republicans and Democrats alike. Trump’s sudden decision to attack Damascus, after years of railing against such a move, struck many as suspicious, or, in Philip Gordon’s words, “yet another effort by the president to distract the media’s attention and change the subject from his problems at home.”
But diversionary uses of force are highly risky, and can just as easily exacerbate domestic problems. In 1982, the military regime in Argentina invaded the British Falkland Islands in a bid to overcome its deep unpopularity at home. U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig later wrote that there “was a widespread impression that the junta was creating a foreign distraction to give itself a respite from domestic economic problems, including severe inflation.” Crucially, the regime never intended to wage a war. Buenos Aires was certain that Britain wouldn’t fight for a few islands 8,000 miles away. But Margaret Thatcher was indeed ready for a fight; Argentina lost the war, and the junta was soon kicked out of office.
The benefits of a diversionary foreign policy rarely last. A president may win a news cycle or two, but then people move on. In 1998, Clinton received a short-term political boost from the airstrikes, but the House of Representatives still went ahead and voted to issue Articles of Impeachment. The strikes in Afghanistan failed to kill Osama Bin Laden, and may have brought the Taliban and al Qaeda closer together. The real victor was _Wag the Dog_’s production house, Baltimore Pictures: In the wake of the U.S. attack, video rentals of the movie skyrocketed.
In the end, diversion is a fool’s errand, offering fleeting political benefit and inviting very real risks. It’s no substitute for a foreign policy based on protecting national interests and values. Of course, the attraction of a risky wager depends on how weak a president is, domestically. If Trump is looking at near-inevitable removal from office, either at the ballot box or via impeachment, then gambling for resurrection through military action may be tempting even if the odds of success are low. He has nothing to lose—although American soldiers might.
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best gambling sites in kenya video

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5 Online Businesses To Start In 2019 (Work From Home ...

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